Who pays quarterly estimated tax
If you earn income without withholding — from self-employment, freelancing, investments or a business — the IRS expects you to pay tax in four estimated instalments through the year.
Estimated payments cover both income tax and self-employment tax. Missing them can trigger an underpayment penalty even if you pay in full at filing.
How the payment is worked out
This calculator estimates your self-employment tax, deducts half of it, applies the standard deduction, then runs the result through the federal brackets for your income tax.
It adds the two together and divides by four to give a simple per-quarter figure.
Due dates and safe harbours
Estimated payments are generally due in April, June, September and January. Paying at least 100% of last year's tax (110% for high earners) is a common safe harbour to avoid penalties.
This is a federal estimate using 2025 tax-year figures and the inputs you provide. It does not include state tax, credits, or every deduction. Confirm with the IRS or a tax professional before filing.
Frequently asked questions
How do I calculate quarterly taxes?
Estimate your annual income tax plus self-employment tax, then divide by four. This calculator does both steps from your expected income.
When are quarterly taxes due?
Generally mid-April, mid-June, mid-September, and mid-January of the following year, though exact dates shift slightly each year.
What happens if I don't pay?
You can owe an underpayment penalty plus interest, even if you pay the full balance when you file. Paying quarterly avoids it.
Does this include state estimated tax?
No — this is federal only. Many states also require quarterly estimates, calculated separately.