Federal Tax Calculators
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    9 free federal tax calculators

    Federal tax calculators
    income, paycheck, gains and more.

    Estimate your US federal income tax, take-home pay, self-employment and payroll tax, capital gains and quarterly payments — using the 2025 brackets, standard deductions and FICA rates. No signup, no paywall.

    Income

    Federal Income Tax

    Estimate your federal income tax, effective and marginal rate.

    Paycheck

    Estimate federal take-home pay after income tax and FICA.

    Payroll Tax

    Calculate FICA — Social Security and Medicare — for employee and employer.

    Self-Employed

    Self-Employment

    Calculate the 15.3% federal self-employment tax on your net profit.

    Quarterly Tax

    Estimate quarterly federal payments for self-employment income.

    Investments

    Capital Gains

    Estimate federal tax on long- or short-term capital gains.

    Business

    LLC Tax

    Estimate federal tax on a single-member LLC or sole proprietorship.

    S-Corp Tax

    See S-corp tax and how much it saves versus a sole proprietorship.

    C-Corp Tax

    Estimate the 21% corporate tax plus dividend tax on distributed profit.

    How federal income tax brackets actually work

    The US federal income tax is progressive: seven brackets run from 10% to 37%, and only the income that falls inside each bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate.

    That is why your marginal rate, the rate on your next dollar earned, is higher than your effective rate, the blended percentage you pay across all your income. The Federal Income Tax Calculator shows both figures side by side.

    Tax is charged on taxable income, which is gross income minus the standard deduction for your filing status, or minus itemized deductions if they are larger.

    For 2025 the standard deduction is $15,750 for single filers, $31,500 for married filing jointly, and $23,625 for head of household.

    Filing status sets both your deduction and your bracket thresholds, so the same salary can produce very different bills for a single filer versus a married couple. The Paycheck Calculator applies these same brackets to estimate take-home pay.

    FICA and self-employment tax explained

    Separate from income tax, FICA funds Social Security and Medicare.

    The Payroll Tax Calculator splits it out: employees pay 6.2% for Social Security, but only up to an annual wage base ($176,100 for 2025), after which no more Social Security tax is due.

    Medicare is 1.45% with no cap at all, plus an extra 0.9% surtax on wages above $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples).

    Employers match the 6.2% and 1.45%, so a combined 15.3% reaches the government, half withheld from the worker and half paid by the employer.

    When you work for yourself there is no employer to cover the other half, so the Self-Employment Tax Calculator charges the full 15.3% on 92.35% of your net profit, which effectively doubles the FICA an employee pays.

    Because half of that self-employment tax is deductible against income tax, the calculator also reports the deductible portion you carry into your income tax estimate.

    Capital gains and reading these federal estimates

    How long you hold an investment changes the tax dramatically. Sell after more than a year and the profit is a long-term capital gain, taxed at the preferential federal rates of 0%, 15%, or 20% depending on your total income.

    Sell within a year and it is a short-term gain, taxed as ordinary income at your regular bracket, which can reach 37%.

    The Capital Gains Tax Calculator stacks the gain on top of your other income to decide which rate band applies; for 2025 a single filer pays 0% while taxable income stays under about $48,350.

    Every tool here uses current-year federal brackets, the standard deduction, and the rates for the filing status you choose.

    These are federal estimates only: they exclude state tax, the qualified business income deduction, the 3.8% net investment income tax, and most credits such as the child tax credit, any of which can move your final number.

    Treat the results as a starting point, not tax advice, and confirm with the IRS or a tax professional before filing.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is the difference between my marginal and effective tax rate?

    Your marginal rate is the rate on your next dollar of income, set by your top bracket. Your effective rate is total tax divided by total income, which is always lower because the brackets below your top one tax earlier dollars at lower rates.

    What is FICA and how much is it?

    FICA is the payroll tax funding Social Security and Medicare: 6.2% Social Security (up to the annual wage base) plus 1.45% Medicare, so 7.65% from the employee and another 7.65% matched by the employer, for 15.3% total.

    How does self-employment tax work?

    Because there is no employer to cover half, the self-employed pay the full 15.3% (12.4% Social Security up to the wage base plus 2.9% Medicare) on 92.35% of net profit. Half of the tax is deductible against your federal income tax.

    What are the long-term capital gains tax rates?

    For assets held more than a year, federal long-term gains are taxed at 0%, 15%, or 20% depending on your total taxable income. Assets held a year or less are short-term and taxed as ordinary income at your regular bracket.

    Is there an income limit on Social Security and Medicare tax?

    Social Security's 6.2% only applies up to the annual wage base ($176,100 for 2025); earnings above it are exempt. Medicare's 1.45% has no cap, and a 0.9% surtax applies to high earners above $200,000 ($250,000 married).